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Eduardo Torroja y Miret, (1899–1961) was a Spanish structural engineer, a pioneer in the design of concrete shell structures. ==Career== In 1923 Torroja began work for the Hidrocivil company, headed by the engineer José Eugenio Ribera. He planned and directed various types of work including the foundations of bridge piers, bridges, water supply and sanitation works, and various urban buildings. Torroja's first large project was the Tempul cable-stayed aqueduct (1926) in Guadalete, Jerez de la Frontera, in which he used pre-stressed girders. In 1928 he established his own office. Modesto López Otero, director for the Madrid University City (''Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid'') project, formed a diverse team of young architects to design the various buildings. Torroja joined the group in 1929. He worked with Manuel Sánchez Arcas, sharing his interest in new architectural forms that rejected preconceived formulas. The first collaborative work of Torroja and Sanchez Arcas was the pavilion of the Construction Commission of the university city, completed in June 1931. They worked on the heating plant (''Central Térmica'') and the clinical hospital for the university city. Sánchez Arcas and Torroja designed an enclosed and semi-spherical shell for the 1932 Algeciras market hall. The thick concrete roof was high, vaulted, supported on eight pillars. As an engineering work it is considered Torroja's masterpiece. Sánchez Arcas and Torroja founded the journal ''Hormigón y Acero'' (Concrete and Steel). In 1934 they founded the ''Instituto Técnico de la Construcción y Edificación'' (ITCE, Technical Institute of Construction and Building). Other founding members were the architect Modesto López Otero (1885–1962) and the engineers José María Aguirre Gonzalo (1897–1988) and Alfonso Peña Boeug (1888–1966). The ITCE was a non-profit organization dedicated to developing and applying technical innovations in engineering civil structures. Eduardo Torroja designed the thin-shell water tower in Fedala〔(water tower in Fedala )〕 and the roof of "Zarzuela" racetrack in Madrid〔(hippodrome "Zarzuela" )〕 in the form of a hyperboloid. He also used steel with great élan, as at the roof of the Football Stadium, Barcelona (1943). He designed innovative structures in numerous parts of the world, including Morocco and Latin America. His books include ''Philosophy of Structures'' (1958) and ''The Structures of Eduardo Torroja'' (1958). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eduardo Torroja」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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